Mergers and acquisitions are among the most complex change moments that a company can face. Change management usually is. There’s so much at stake and so many people, agendas, and expectations to navigate not to mention the challenge of defining a trajectory for the new entity moving forward. What do we keep? What do we jettison? What stays the same? What changes? And why? What future do we envision for the new company that will allow us to activate the potential value of the M&A in the first place? All of which sends a signal to employees, investors, customers, and the market. A signal that needs to be carefully considered.

Here’s the good news. You don’t have to fly blind. There are some widely held approaches to brand identity strategies that serve as excellent jumping off points for your team to consider. The more you understand each approach and the thinking that goes into it, the more likely you’ll be to figure out which one might be the right fit for you.

The most fundamental brand architecture decision has to do with identity – the name, logo, and core message of the post-transaction company. In an M&A situation, there are 10 common approaches to consider – each with its own set of strengths and weaknesses

Deciding on the right brand strategy is critical to activating the full potential of any merger or acquisition. One way to assess these possible strategies is on a scale from ‘conservative’ to ‘aggressive.’ Let’s start on the conservative end of the spectrum.

No Change: Stick with Your Brand Identity

Strategy #1: No Change The most conservative strategy is to make no change to the brand identity of either company. The acquiring company keeps its brand and so does the acquired company. This does not necessarily mean that the acquired brand operates independently, but that’s what the marketplace sees.

The No Change approach is generally best used in mature categories when the brands in question are clearly differentiated and either brand’s position would undercut the other if they were overtly linked. Quite often seen in the consumer packaged goods marketplace, No Change makes sense when stablemate brands are positioned against one another or designed to appeal to distinct segments in the same category.

One of the best examples of this brand identity strategy is Procter & Gamble. At the time of this post, the P&G portfolio boasts over 60 individual brands with dozens of products underneath each. The quintessential House of Brands, P&G has acquired and operates many differentiated brands. Following an acquisition, P&G preserves brand equity by keeping the incoming brand intact. This allows for increased aggregate market share by offering competing products in the same category.

The No Change approach can signal continuity to stakeholders and may help to make all team members – especially those who have worked to build the acquired brand – feel valued.

The ‘business as usual’ mentality, however, that may come from the No Change strategy can lead to a lack of perceptual or actual integration. There is no positive brand equity transfer from brand to brand and operational synergies may be unrealized. The rationale behind the merger or the acquisition likely included some degree of efficiency and gathering strength, which is obscured (at least in public) if the go-to-market brand does not progress.

Brand Fusion: The Best of Both Worlds

The second most conservative approach is Fusion. This strategy involves using brand identity assets from both partners in a merger or an acquisition and integrating them into the new corporate identity. There are 4 primary types of fusion strategies:

Strategy #2: ’Straight Fusion’ is a combination of both entities’ names. A well-known example of this is ExxonMobil. In 1998, Exxon and Mobil agreed to a merger and the joint company became a mash-up – ExxonMobil.

Strategy #3: ‘Refreshed Fusion’ is an instance where the names are combined, but there’s a new graphic identity, symbol, icon, or typography, that indicates that there’s newness here. An example is ConocoPhillips. The organizations merged in 2002, combined names, and released a new visual identity. The logo and symbol were new to signify change but didn’t sacrifice the equity of either of the major merger partners.

Strategy #4: ‘Hybrid Fusion’ is a combination of the mix of names or visual elements. An example of this would be when United acquired Continental Airlines, the brand identity consisted of the United name, but the Continental Airlines logo. It really was a mixture of brand assets and retained certain elements of both merger partners.

Strategy #5: ‘Endorsed Fusion’ is when the lead company endorses the acquisition in terms of brand architecture. An example of this would be when Gannett acquired CareerBuilder. CareerBuilder became careerbuilder.com, a Gannett company.

Fusion approaches are more geared toward managing risk than activating potential. They prevent large-scale team and customer alienation, while sometimes creating clunky and uninspiring brand scenarios. The mash-up of equities signifies a shared future but risks alienating customers, especially if the entities were previously competitors.

Stronger Horse: Play to Your Strengths

Strategy #6: The Stronger Horse is when one brand is elevated over the other based on whichever brand is considered to be stronger – based on size, reputational qualities, lack of brand baggage or brand potential, or a wealth of other factors. While this strategy often elevates the brand of the company that initiated the acquisition or the larger or more dominant partner in a merger, there are 4 Stronger Horse variations of which to be aware.

‘Stronger Horse Forward’ is when the visual identity and the nomenclature of the larger or lead company in the deal is maintained, the acquisition is absorbed, and the other brand goes away (immediately or gradually). There are countless examples of the Stronger Horse Forward strategy, as it is one of the most frequently used. One example is when DHL acquired Airborne Express. The Airborne Express brand ceased to exist, and its assets were rolled up into DHL.

Strategy #7: ‘Reverse Stronger Horse’ is where the visual identity or the name of the acquired company, which often is much smaller, at least at a brand level, absorbs the lead company. An example of the Reverse Stronger Horse is when First Union acquired Wachovia. First Union had perceptual challenges and reputational damage. For this reason, and despite the fact that Wachovia was much smaller than First Union, the rebranding put the Wachovia name in the lead position. They considered the acquired brand, though smaller, to be stronger – or at least in a position to affirmatively define itself.

Strategy #8: ‘Phased Stronger Horse’ is a situation in which there is a temporary combination of brand identities and an integration strategy that ultimately ends up with a Stronger Horse brand situation, where one name is ultimately elevated. This strategy leverages the benefits of Fusion early on while mediating the long-term risk of an awkward brand. One example is when Medtronic merged with Midas Rex. At first, they simply combined the names (Medtronic Midas Rex) for a time before dropping the Midas Rex name and simply becoming Medtronic. This approach makes sense for a variety of reasons, including ‘buying time’ as long-term decisions are made, and customers are educated on the company’s future.

Strategy #9: ‘Refreshed Stronger Horse’ is when the name of the lead company is adopted, but a new logo, a new symbol, or a new color scheme is implemented to reflect the fact that there has been some change. One example of this is when Humana acquired United Health Group and kept the Humana name alongside a new visual identity.

While the benefits of the Stronger Horse approach include strong and clear communication of the brand direction and platform for internal efficiency, there is a clear risk of alienating certain stakeholder groups or losing customers in the transition.

Stronger Horse scenarios can create a winner/loser perception among team members and lead to a ‘conquering army’ mentality that hurts morale on one side of the aisle. There is also an increased risk of customer alienation if a brand with equity goes away. When one brand disappears completely, those who previously valued the acquired entity may think about how to proceed.

New Brand: Go Big, Go Bold

Strategy #10: Create a New Brand. The most aggressive option following a merger, or an acquisition is to develop an entirely new brand. This approach is usually most appropriate in categories undergoing an extreme level of transformation in which the merging entities wish to signal their own (and collective) evolution. A good example is when GTE and Bell Atlantic, two old-line phone companies, merged and created a new brand, Verizon.

This occurred at a moment when telecom was moving strongly into mobile – one can assume each legacy name would have faced perceptual challenges. This approach risked each brand’s equity – both of which were extremely prominent in their geographic trading areas – but placed a bet on a strong, shared, innovative future.

Creating a new brand is costly, time-consuming, and very risky as it relates to protecting brand equity and customer relationships. The upside, however, is real – the ability to create something new to embrace a changing world.

Drive Success with an M&A Branding Strategy

Activating the full potential of M&A starts with making smart branding decisions. From establishing a brand identity, bridging cultures, forging visions, to managing risk and upside. The process can be equal parts exhilarating and exhausting. As experts at guiding you to success in M&A, Finch Brands can help you navigate it all.

Learn more about our M&A branding strategy here and start increasing your brand acquisition and architecture. Contact us today.